Romania - neolithic to present continuity

ACCOUNTABILITY AND RISK TO THINK OTHERWISE

Ion Ghinoiu

I am a specialist in popular culture. I am a child of peasants. Over the years, after much work we can come to look at culture both internally and externally.

All the time they devoted a career achievement Romanian Ethnographic Atlas. I think this was one of the great opportunities that God gave me

Right after I graduated, I went to work and we managed to meet three generations in this period that I worked hard both here in the office, but very much on the ground, looking for roots of folklore and traditions of our people. To achieve Romanian Ethnographic Atlas I labored tremendously, imagine that you have traveled and studied some 600 villages in Romania and we applied our questionnaires (1,200 questions) to more than 12,000 subjects. All they've done over 30 years. It's much less remains to determine is who will come after us and will consider what we have achieved.

After hundreds of days of work, we found that what I found on the ground does not correspond completely with what I had learned new theory. I must stress that our roots as a people should not be sought from the Greeks in Athens, Rome and Egypt, but here in our ancestral hearth at our Dacians.

Young people of today and our descendants can say that now we live in a period of cultural crossbreeding and to continue the traditions and culture of this ancient people must always leave the facts to be able to effectively understand reality as we managed to understand it during the 30 years of work (1970-2000) to achieve Romanian Ethnographic Atlas.

Those who come after us must make a substantial archive of the Romanian people's traditions, because I believe that in the future, Romania will be a frequent reference point in space Dacian ancestral history, which will rebuild the old European civilization.

* To discover something truly new to science which you have dedicated to wander, or to choose other paths than those who went to your illustrious predecessors. Without fear and with references such as the great scientist or teacher said in a research stagnates, becomes immutable. This message is sent to students at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work in the first lesson with real risks of error. Surprised by the proposal, young adventures waiting to see first teacher. Learn then how to decipher the meanings of this popular calendar holidays and customs by reference to the cosmic rhythms and biorhythms of plant and animal breeding, as distinct from the Carpathian pantheon reconstituted Greco-Roman Romanian consciousness induced by abusive livrească, as taken concept as opposed to being geomorfism anthropomorphism, as defined Romanian book of the dead who, unlike the Egyptian written on papyrus and missing more than two millennia ago, is still played at some funerals in south-western Romania and others. Cutezanţele One who likes to talk about so-called syndrome of Greco-Roman antiquity, the idea that everything that is valuable in science, philosophy, arts, democracy, mythology comes exclusively from the Greeks and Romans. From them they would start spirituality and Europe. For Romanian, named in ancient Rome, the consequences of aberrant forms clothes syndrome. Not trying to descend to the native substrate Thracian-Geto-Dacian assumes the risk of being called tracoman, be excluded from certain cultural and scientific circles. Convinced that there is a gulf separating the unnatural history of the Carpathian-Danube and a proto-psychological threshold of Greco-Roman antiquity did not have to go to get to other results than those arrived at this or that scientist, explorer, thereby exposing themselves to good science at a high risk of trying to overcome. His chance did that from 1967 until the day when they write these thoughts uninterrupted toil alongside fellow ethnographers, the great treasure which offered numerous arguments, Romanian Ethnographic Atlas.

Material ground for Atlas was recorded from 18 000 subjects in 536 villages on the basis of a 1200 ethnographic survey questions. Responses recorded at two times the existing ethnographic reality of the past century: 1900 and time of the survey years 1972-1982. From the responses received have resulted in over 1000 maps of which 600 were selected and grouped thematically in five volumes, each with approximately 120 ethnographic maps each: the first volume, habitat refers to the shelters here (settlement, household, housing and planning interior) and beyond (cemetery), volume II, occupations, means of making a living (farming, animal husbandry, sericulture, apiculture, hunting, fishing and transport), the third popular technology, the technical genius (crafts , popular technical facilities and food), the fourth artistic events to the port and folk art, the fifth spiritual manifestations, the habits of birth marriage and funeral, the holidays calendar and mythology. Map titles and legends are translated in three international languages (English, French, German), and mapped elements are illustrated with photographs, drawings, sketches. In parallel with the development of the atlas is published and a corpus of 25 volumes of raw material field, as was recorded by the subjects investigated.

From reading maps that, on investigation, the Romanians retained significant elements of wood and clay civilizations, the inhabitants of the Carpathian-Danubian makers and carriers are a synthesis of continental civilization, linked to the rivers, different from Greco-Roman civilization, linked to high . Carpatho-Danubian were expressed in wood and clay in prehistoric times, the ancient Geto-Dacian and visibly, in the twentieth century, when the survey was conducted for the Ethnographic Atlas. Archaeologists have discovered the Dacians statues, temples, fortresses of stone. They ruled the mountains of stone and marble, but its deities of wood and clay modeling.

It is known that the richest resources of food and water on Earth were the first and most important cradles of civilization. Danube Carpathian-Danubian was for ancient Egypt and the Nile, Indus and Ganges to ancient India, the Euphrates and Tigris for Sumer and Mesopotamia, the area of prehistoric genesis of a great civilization called Marija Gimbutas, an archaeologist and anthropologist great American, Old Civilization Europe. Scientist defined it as "a cultural entity between 6500 - 3500 BC. H., focuses on a matriarchal society, theocratic, peaceful, loving and creative art that preceded the Indo-Europeanized societies ..., need to recognize the achievements of our ancestors, old Europeans, as were the builders of temples, beautiful ceramic manufacturers painted and the object of worship. " Meanwhile, the scaffold Cladovei on the Romanian bank of the Danube, has discovered a new Neolithic culture which goes with the history of the European continent two centuries ago. The archaeological arguments, paleo-anthropological and paleolingvistice Marija Gimbutas demonstrates that in a geographical area presently occupied by Romania, Moldova, western Ukraine, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Yugoslavia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and the Aegean islands including Italian peninsula south-east, was developed prior to the ancient Greco-Roman civilization and the biblical myth of creation paternal great cultural and religious complex dominated by Mother Goddess. 2-3 millennia before ancient Greece and Rome shine crops in the lower basin of the Lower Danube Neolithic cultures flourished stunning: Precucuteni, Cucuteni have occurred, Hamangia and others. Carriers of these prehistoric cultures belonged to the agrarian society free of weapons developed and fortified fighting. They were unsurpassed in the processing of clay artisans, and perhaps inclined to meditation, illustrated feature clay figurines called Hamangia Thinker. The main role women played in these societies it.

From the first Neolithic culture of the Lower Danube Basin and up to oral culture charted in Romanian Ethnographic Atlas were passed about ten millennia. At the two ends of the long thread of history, one studied by archaeologists, ethnologists another one, there are many cultural similarities. Choosing as an example, a plastic representation which refers to women wearing weights on the head and oltence Neolithic, and one kissing the ground in the art pottery and fine art Neolithic home brâncuşian genius.

Generalizing huge documentary material to the extent permitted scientific archetypes of the 10 000 years of European civilization (8 millennia BC. H - 2 AD) can be divided into three cultural and religious complex: the first is dominated by Neolithic Mother Goddess (8000 BC. H. - 2500 BC. H.), the second Indo-European God Father (2500 BC. H - year 0), the third of God's Son, Jesus (year 0 -). After another test, how people have imagined that their deity worshiped show, the Europeans had built unmistakable archetypal worlds: a geomorphic, Neolithic home, which emulates the beauty and perfection egg, another anthropomorphic home Indo-European and Christian, which emulates human. The characteristic elements discovered by archaeologists and ethnologists collected can systematize so.

Greater cultural and religious complex in what is now Romania certified:

I. Neolithic Age (Old Europe)

Distinctive features: Approximate age: 80000 - 2200 BC. H, United deity: the mother goddess, the deity adored face, ideal beauty and perfection to man: the OU-looking goddess, material and spiritual world created in the image and likeness of divinity: geomorphic; exercise of divine power: Goddess specialized divine Residence: In All in all, the place where soul comes the baby at birth: The Women's womb, there crept from the womb of the Earth; Residence souls after death: In the belly of the earth, waters, funerary rite by which it is sent to the deity worshiped dead: burial; funeral rite annual reaffirmation of the deity and the world around us: burial, throwing the water of the vegetal Substitute divinity Sânziana (Drăgaica) Bozul, Deadly nightshade, Apple, Substitute zoomorph divinity bird, bull, bear, pig, deer, Substitute of divinity Anthropomorphic: Muma Goddesses: Dochia Precesta Mother, Muma Forest, Rain Muma, Muma Caloian, date of birth and rebirth annual divinity simultaneously in spring or autumn equinox, daytime or night time of birth and death divinity Night ; Benchmarks for assessing and measuring astronomical time: The moon and sun, type calendar: Lunar-Solar, creative occupations dominant ideologies and cultures: agriculture, processing of clay, wood and stone, typical archetypes: geomorphic: Earth, Grotto, Moon, egg , pot, water, whipped (bread), stomach, vulva.

II. Bronze Age and First Iron Age (Indo-Europeans)

Distinctive features: Approximate age: 2200 BC. H. - 0; United deity: God the Father, the deity adored face, ideal beauty and perfection to man: God-looking man; material and spiritual world created in the image and likeness divinity Anthropomorphic; exercise of divine power: gods and goddesses specialized and charted; divine Residence: In Heaven, the place where soul comes the baby at birth: The Women's womb received as a gift from Heaven after death the souls of Residence: In Heaven, in the air funeral rite by which the corpse is sent to the deity worshiped: Incineration; funeral rite annual reaffirmation of the deity and the world around us: Incineration; Substitute phytomorphic of divinity tree, Oman, Substitute zoomorph divinity horse, wolf, lion, of divinity Anthropomorphic Substitute: paternal gods: Christmas, dumb callus, Blojul or Sangiorz, date of death and rebirth annual divinity simultaneously in summer or winter solstice, daytime or night time of birth and death divinity subsistence costs; Benchmarks for assessing and measuring astronomical time: Sun and Moon, Calendar Type: Solar -monthly; creative occupations dominant ideologies and civilizations: shepherding, metal and stone, typical archetypes: Anthropomorphic: sun, fire, pillar, phalusul.

III. Christianity

Distinctive features: Approximate age: 0 - ....; United divine Son of God, the deity adored face, ideal beauty and perfection to man: the Jesus-looking man, material and spiritual world created in the image and likeness divinity Anthropomorphic; Exercise divine power: the Almighty, divine Residence: In Heaven, the place where soul comes the baby at birth: The Women's womb received as a gift from Heaven after death the souls of Residence: In Heaven Heaven believers, sinners in Hell Earth, funeral rite by which it is sent to the deity worshiped dead: burial of the body three days after death, soul slobozitul to 40 days annual reaffirmation funeral rite of the deity and the world around us: burial, resurrection after three days, Ascension to Heaven after 40 days, vegetal Substitute of divinity: willow; Substitute zoomorph divinity Lamb date annual death and rebirth deity: Separately, the winter solstice Birth, Death, Resurrection and Ascension to the vernal equinox, daytime or night time of birth and death, divinity and Birth Nocturnal Resurrection, Ascension daytime; Milestones for assessing and measuring astronomical time: Sun and Moon, Calendar Type: Solar-lunar; creative occupations dominant ideologies and civilizations: Economy complex; Archetypes features: Antropomofe: the cross, the church.

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A great spiritual crisis must have shaken the world to transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze and Iron Ages when it was replaced divinity geomorphic and maternal and paternal Anthropomorphic that in parallel with its exile on Earth, everything and all the high heaven. But the universe is infinitely small in its structures (cell, molecule, atom, subcuantice units) to the infinitely large (the planets, the stars, galaxies, galactic swarms and superroiurile) geomorphic not anthropomorphic. Is it possible to reconcile the two models of living people on Earth, one geomorphic, fully in line with the Earth and the universe, and other anthropomorphic arrogance imposed and dominated by the most powerful creatures on the planet?

For the definition of Old European Civilization, were added in the last two precious time arguments: Pantheon Romanian and Romanian book of the dead. The disadvantage of these creations in the Carpatho-Danubian were written on papyrus or carved in stone is canceled their survival in the early millennium oral culture. Greco-Roman pantheon Egyptian Book of the dead and disappeared were written, Pantheon Romanian and Romanian book of the dead were not written, but there can be verified on the ground. If Carpathian pantheon were written in antiquity, it was underlined the differences between two great civilizations of the time, a Mediterranean, Greco-Roman, which is expressed in stone (temples, statues, cities), with influences from the terrestrial civilizations înmănuncherea the continents (Europe, Asia and Africa), marked by rivers that flow into seas by three deltas (Danube Delta, the Tigris and Euphrates Delta, Nile Delta), and another about the inland waters, the Thracian-Geto-Dacian, reared place, which is expressed in wood and earth (city, columns, temples) in clay and baked dough (figurines of all kinds. If Jews, Indians, Egyptians, Greeks inherited cultures as ancient peoples who inhabited Palestine, Greece Egypt, India, Romanians inherit in the same basic logic, culture first European civilization. After fetishism written document, which may invalidate any archaeological and ethnological argument would mean that any Amerindian cultures would not have existed before the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus ! heirs of European civilization are the Greeks of ancient Athens or Rome Italians Carpatho-Danubian Romanians?

Carpatho-Danubian Pantheon, the exponent of a civilization of wood and clay, is a mythical world in relation to atypical Greco-Roman pantheon. It has some connections with the Greco-Roman, but also that of ancient India. Moreover, a mysterious connection with ancient spirituality Indie Carpathian high spirits would fascinate Romanian: Mihai Eminescu, Brancusi, Eliade. Often, the land of the Carpathian Indian gods are known, and often they perform their duties at their home in ancient India: universe god Shiva, the Christmas carol Siva, Rudra the god of rain, the ceremony Paparude, god of death Yama in some Romanian beliefs and expressions (to give the birds winter in cattle, namely to give death.)

Regarding the Romanian book of the dead, synonymous with the Egyptian Book of the dead, sacred texts include the opening of the road dead soul that separates the world of mythical underworld here, sung by a female choir at times and places significant funeral ceremony . The texts are transmitted through the opening monologues and dialogues are sung to the dead messages, goddesses of destiny (Dawn), posthumous spouse (tree, spear, flag), various substitutes for the dead (the pillar, the cross). Appear as the Goddess of death, Kite (kite, Corboaica, eagle) and anthropomorphic, with human face (Fairy Elder Death Precesta Mother, Mother Iroda). The sung texts appear, in turn, guides angels (wolf, fox, otter), customs benevolent, personified guidance cues (împupită willow, apple blossom), characters psychopomp (horse, deer) and, finally, to the world beyond relatives of the dead. Knowledge of the deceased is in great need by simple methods are presented: a detailed description of the road and appearance mythical mythical characters, key moments in the journey rehearsal for determining knowledge, good with the bad road comparison, friends with neprietenii. The range of funeral songs, compact in the early twentieth century in the south - west and central Romania (Gorj, Mehedinti, Caras-Severin, Timis, Bihor), relatively compact in southern Transylvania (southern counties Alba, Hunedoara, Sibiu, Brasov), sent strong tentacles in the north (Bistrita-Nasaud, Mures), in the counties of Moldavia (Suceava, Botosani, Neamt, Iasi, Vaslui, Vrancea, Galati), Moldova and the south, and Romanians in Serbian Banat Timok Valley. In areas that have not been certified funeral songs (Dawn, singing tree, Songs Vigil and others), their function was taken partly out of lamentation versified. Funeral songs are not certified to neighboring nations Romanians and other peoples of Europe or, for which they were listed incorrectly by the great Constantin Brăiloiu ethnomusicology category in mourning. Verses, hexa-or octosyllabic, with clear predominance of the hexasilabice seem to have hardened, and verses carved on ancient sarcophagi. They have been extensively refined and poetic decanted and any filler metal impurities which would be difficult sending the message clearly. The songs, with their prehistoric sonorities have deep resonance in the hearts îndoliaţilor and surrounding nature, they contrast with the lugubrious lamentation despair itself. Land suffering after death, Hell, cultivated by Indo-European and Christian religions, there is the heavenly landscape described by the Romanian funeral song.

By reaching territorial, political, demographic, economic and spiritual Europe builds himself shall, in relation to other continents of the planet, a new identity. Symbols local, regional and even national become common identity for all Europeans mark against Asians, Africans and Americans. ^ ^Voltaire Euopenii have it by the French, the English Shakespeare ... Eminescu, Brancusi and popular culture of the Carpathians and the Lower Danube where prehistoric civilization tezaurizează items by Romanian. Among others, the Europeans will assert their cultural identity in the genesis and age, compared with Asians and Africans. Getting to the border with Europe have Sumer, chief mates, ancient Egypt. Several millennia ago, before the glory of Ancient Greece and Rome, Ancient Civilization of Europe focused on the Danube was contemporary with Mesopotamia.

>> Review Goddess ~ ~ Ouch! European identity that scares me ... well ... identity to let everyone how everyone feels in relation to ... what Europeans call it etc etc ... let the peoples of the world milenuil 3000, all but we are reaching across continents ... unguriii fries are coming about in Siberia, and Russia are in Asia ... Continentialismul scare me just as it scares me that I steal my fresh cow milk and poultry chicken

But although an essay Soro my mind open! And little said.